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[体育菠菜玩法规则] 冬季奥运会-冰壶
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* L" f7 F' E. c' o3 V2 e4 P2 r% o  冰壶(Curling),又称掷冰壶、冰上溜石,是以队为单位在冰上进行的一种投掷性竞赛项目,冬奥会比赛项目,并设有冰壶世锦赛。设男女2个小项,每队为四人。冰壶为圆壶状,由不含云母的苏格兰天然花岗岩制成,且世界上所有的制造优质冰壶用的天然花岗岩均产自苏格兰近海的一个小岛,也只有苏格兰人掌握着制作世界顶尖水平冰壶的技术。冰壶周长约为91.44厘米,高(从壶的底部到顶部)11.43厘米,重量(包括壶柄和壶栓)最大为19.96公斤。刷冰是为了减小冰壶与冰面间摩擦。有人把冰壶称作“冰上国际象棋”,这一比喻很好地诠释了冰壶的神秘与高雅。
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$ v# N8 k( S9 F3 ~1 D1 h; y  冰上溜石起源于14世纪的苏格兰,至今在苏格兰还保存刻有1511年份的砥石(即冰壶)。$ W5 A7 v6 I! z: L. G/ K

5 h& r/ d2 v0 G, S0 q  优质冰壶的原料采自苏格兰福斯阿利斯岛。" T( f( f) G8 I  v* H# l6 b
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  1795年,第一个冰上溜石俱乐部在苏格兰创立,1838年苏格兰冰上溜石俱乐部制定第一个正式的比赛规则。  r: V, P. c- d5 {) ]" O  D
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  1807年冰上溜石活动传入加拿大,1820年起在美国等地流行。从此,冰上溜石作为一项冬季运动在欧洲和北美逐渐开展起来。9 V" M2 _4 ?% X  |; L$ E

& k! m. ~# F7 F; u8 \- L  20世纪初,通过加拿大冰上溜石爱好者的努力,使这项运动的比赛规则和方法更加完善,并由室外逐渐移入室内,并于1927年举行首次全国冰上溜石比赛。首届世界冰上溜石锦标赛始于1959年,最初称为苏格兰威士忌杯赛,1968年改称加拿大银扫帚锦标赛,1986年正式定名为世界冰上溜石锦标赛。
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- p  c7 U* I8 Y  1955年冰上溜石传入亚洲地区,当前日本、韩国等地非常流行。
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  1924年,冰壶首次以表演项目的形式在冬奥会上亮相。1966年国际冰上溜石联合会成立,1991年改为世界冰上溜石联合会,同时获得了国际奥委会的承认。冰上溜石曾于1924年、1932年、1936年、1964年、1968年、1992年6次被列为冬奥会表演项目。1993年国际奥委会决定,从1998年开始,冰上溜石列为冬奥会正式比赛项目。在亚洲,冰上溜石从第五届亚冬会开始列为正式比赛项目。
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:) :( :D :'( :@ :o
:P :$ ;P :L :Q :lol
:loveliness: :funk: :curse: :dizzy: :shutup: :sleepy:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:) :( :D :'( :@ :o
:P :$ ;P :L :Q :lol
:loveliness: :funk: :curse: :dizzy: :shutup: :sleepy:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory:
:) :( :D :'( :@ :o
:P :$ ;P :L :Q :lol
:loveliness: :funk: :curse: :dizzy: :shutup: :sleepy:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake: :call:
:hug: :victory: :time: :kiss: :handshake:
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